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LEGENDARY SURFER: MARK CUNNINGHAM



( Mark Cunningham image courtesy of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin )


Aloha and welcome to this chapter of LEGENDARY SURFERS.


MARK CUNNINGHAM is probably the greatest bodysurfer of the modern era. This chapter is dedicated to him and the stoke he has shown all of us over the decades.








Excellent Mark Cunningham video from VBS



MARK CUNNINGHAM ARTICLES


"The Encyclopedia of Surfing," by Matt Warshaw: Mark Cunningham, p. 142.


Mark Cunningham Wins 2007 Pipeline Bodysurfing Championship
By Bernie Baker, Senior Hawaii Correspondent, SURFER Magazine

Finding just one decent day at Pipeline for Quiksilver’s Kaha Nalu Hanana `O Ehukai body surfing contest was a challenge – even guessing the right week was at best a ‘blind shot’. So far, this spring’s been as much a dribble-to-a-fizzle as the past winter months with bumpy swells, on-shore winds (Kona weather in April ?) or just NO swell at all. But Pipe lifeguard/contest director Rick Williams took an educated shot at just one day out of 14 and hit a bulls’ eye.

A week earlier everyone was surfing waist-high beach break a hundred yards away. Then the north Pacific coughed up a freak low near Tokyo, cherry blossoms retreated and we woke up to 8-foot Pipeline with the odd 2nd-reefer capping over. It took less than 2 hours for Rick to call in the 48-man entry list/ judging panel/ a tabulator – oh yeah, and an air horn to start Heat #1.

The two rounds of competition were tallied in the Quikslver “Eddie” format (no one gets knocked out), linked with a mid-day rescue race ‘challenge’ where rescuers had to first sprint the beach, then swim out to the Pipe line-up, grab a ‘victim’ and tow/drag him to shore through the surf and THEN the two still had to race to a finish line, - still coupled together. And twenty minutes later you were back in the water competing in Round #2!

The day was brilliant (the trade winds even hinted at making a return) and now-retired lifeguard Mark Cunningham was on a tear from his first wave on. Listen, you gotta be lucky, pick the right wave and be in the right spot, but for Cunningham it was more a case of gills flopping open, eyes receding in and scales replacing skin. The Transformer just turned 51 and the fish DNA in him isn’t going to dry up anytime soon. He leads the charge of former North Shore lifeguards and with this 2007 win – just one point ahead of active Pipe guard Abe Lerner 2nd, Todd Sells 3rd, Steven Hong 4th and Gavin Kennelly 5th, he’s not swimming away anytime soon. AND If you think the event’s just for the hard-core body whompers, remember harder-core surfers that included Brock Little, Mark Healey and Dave Wassel were already there at dawn, stretching for their heat before the contest had even started. The ocean’s a passion and so is surfing, no matter what it takes to get you to the line-up and with the Kaha Nalu Hanana you have a salute to the lifeguards for all they do, year-in-year-out, keeping everyone as safe as is humanly possible.

This contest is also a chance to get as many surfers as time will allow into the water for a few hours of incredible skill, uncrowded fun and at the end of the day a lot of genuine back-slapping, hand shakes and a whole lot of smiling from a rather intense group that takes their water time just as serious as anyone witha board. – Bernie Baker



The Guardian: A lifeguard looks back on 29 years of surf, sand and saving lives"
By Tim Ryan, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, 5/1/2005

To many beach lovers, Mark Cunningham is living the life. This year alone he's been featured in singer/surfer Jack Johnson's surf film "A Broke Down Melody"; won the Mexico International Bodysurfing Competition at Puerto Escondido, known as "The Mexican Pipeline"; is co-writing a screenplay about bodysurfers; and is in talks with Quiksilver about various opportunities connected with the surf-wear company.

Most of his opportunities have come about while employed as a Honolulu City & County lifeguard and world-class body surfer who guarded the beach at Ehukai Beach Park for nearly two decades.

But Cunningham retired from 29 years of lifeguard duty on April 1.

"I have a whole other life ahead of me," says Cunningham, a fit 49-year-old at 6-foot-4 and 175 pounds.

It's a little before noon and Cunningham is hanging out at Johnson's house near Ehukai when he spots another buddy, singer Jackson Browne, in the adjoining cottage.

"Hey J.B., we surfing today or not?" Cunningham barks.

"Are there any waves?" the sleepy singer says, looking out at a flat North Shore.

"Couple feet at Lani's; enough to get the kinks out," Cunningham replies.

Browne first learned about Cunningham from Bruce Jenkins book "North Shore Chronicles."

"I had some friends who knew Mark and they introduced me," he said. "He's one of the most honest, real people I've ever met.

"We're very good friends in and out of the water. Mark reintroduced me to Oahu, the real Oahu, because I had been going straight to Kauai. I feel fortunate to know him."

Told later what Browne said, Cunningham blushes, and in an "aw shucks" manner whispers, "That's really nice of him."

Cunningham estimates he's saved "hundreds of people" while "losing about six" during his career, with 18 years spent at Ehukai, home to the Banzai Pipeline, one of the most dangerous surf spots in the world.

"There are a lot of lifeguards who have made a lot of rescues," he says. "Doesn't make any difference how many you save, you never forget the ones you don't."

"I was part of the community there. I saw kids grow up, learn to surf, check out the surf, graduate from high school, get married and divorced. A lifeguard gets to be a sort of gatekeeper, guardian, an overseer. It was the perfect fit for me."

IT WAS A cool November morning several years ago when Cunningham and water photographer extraordinaire Don King stopped to check out Pipeline surf.

The gentle southern breeze blew offshore, exaggerating the sounds of crashing surf. The two watermen's instincts told them that Pipeline was living up to its fearsome reputation.

The pair saw a dozen swell lines of double-overhead waves stacked to the horizon before exploding in shallow water on the coral reef. Then they saw a surfer take a horrendous wipeout.

"I remember moaning, 'Oh God!'" Cunningham says.

Seconds passed before the surfer's board rocketed to the surface through 10 feet of swirling whitewater and "tombstoned." That happens when the surfer's body remains pinned underwater, but his board pops through the surface standing straight up like a grave marker.

"Two more waves passed over and he still didn't come up," Cunningham said. "Don and I stripped to our trunks and bolted for the water."

Cunningham was the first to reach the man but had to use the leash to pull the unconscious surfer to the surface. The first thing he felt was "a limp foot."

"Don and I wrestled the rest of the body to the surface, put him on the board where I tried to do mouth to mouth," Cunningham said. "But there was this awful gurgling sound and my breath was blowing out the side of his neck."

The surfer's throat had been sliced by one of the board's fins. He died on the beach.

Mark Cunnigham's lifeguard partner at Ehukai was Rick Williams. Williams says, "You can count on Mark; he always cared for this beach and any person on it."

SITTING IN THE cluttered living room of his rented beach house a 10-minute drive from Pipeline, Cunningham wears baggy surf shorts and a black T-shirt with the silhouette of a bodysurfer, arms extended like wings, sliding left under a curl in the Metawai Islands. It's a shot of Cunningham for Johnson's and Chris Malloy's surf video "A Broke Down Melody."

"God, I'm so embarrassed wearing a T-shirt with me on it," Cunningham says, quickly removing it.

He grew up in Niu Valley and, like the other neighborhood kids, first learned to board surf. In his early teens he went through "a crazy growth spurt" and became "incredibly gangly, tall, lanky and uncoordinated."

"My board surfing was a comedy routine," he said. "I was swimming more than riding."

But Cunningham also didn't like being "on display."

"On a surfboard it's always like 'Hey look at me,' because you're standing up and I was so tall everyone always could see me," he said.

A lifeguard friend suggested Cunningham get a pair of fins and go to nearby Sandy Beach. After his first session, Cunningham was hooked.

"You're just so close to the wave and usually hidden by it, enveloped in a very personal, one-on-one experience," he says. "There's a sense of being a part of the ocean as opposed to being on top of it. I love touching the curl. It's like a fire hose spraying water against your chest ..."

Cunningham rarely does tricks when he bodysurfs, preferring "to make myself as much a part of the wave as possible, become synchronized."

He also took an early cue from Pipeline surfing master Gerry Lopez to ride waves as far as possible.

"I love long rides," he said. "I get a wave at Pipe and ride up on shore if I can.

"You watch board surfers and they kick out early with their chest in the air. Waves are precious resources and that wave will never be there again, so ride it for all it's worth. Waves are a terrible thing to waste."

IN THE RECENT second annual Puerto Escondido contest against some 30 competitors, Cunningham says "no waves were under four feet." In truth, the waves were so large that on finals day no one but Cunningham entered the water.

"I spanked some of those younger competitors," Cunningham says in a rare display of zeal. "But the surf was awesome. I got the longest rides of my life and I all I needed was Speedos and a pair of fins."

Cunningham is reluctant to talk about his contest dominance but records show that for some 15 years, he never lost when the North Shore was pumping. He was Hawaii's body surfing champion several times, and from 1976 -- the year he became a Hawaii lifeguard -- through the early '90s, he dominated Oahu's best bodysurfing spots: Point Panic, Makapuu, Sandy Beach and Pipeline.

"I really am a one-trick pony," Cunningham says. "I don't have a lot of other skills."

It's not unusual to find Cunningham in the Pipeline lineup competing with dozens of board surfers. While surfers may stay in one takeoff spot, Cunningham is perpetual motion, swimming on his back or breast stroking to a new spot, or even diving underwater to see how the reef is affecting the swell because "position is everything."

"The key element is the takeoff," he says. "Too soon and you may go straight to the bottom and get crushed; too late and you'll get pitched over the falls."

Mark Cunningham still spends lots of time at the ocean, mostly bodysurfing.

BODYSURFING WENT hand in hand with lifeguarding for Cunningham, who began his career in Santa Barbara while attending UCSB, before returning to Hawaii to work as a lifeguard. After brief stints at Sandy Beach and at Waimea Bay, Cunningham was assigned to Ehukai Beach Park.

"You mean they'll pay me to go to the beach?" Cunningham jokes. "I get to be outdoors and play in the ocean? Oh, I think I'll take that job."

But he worried about becoming a career lifeguard. A Punahou graduate, Cunningham had grown up believing he was supposed to become "a banker, attorney or politician wearing an inside-out aloha shirt down on Bishop Street." He obtained a real estate license but lasted less than a month working in an office.

"I was terrible and never sold an ounce of anything," Cunningham says. "I knew what I was supposed to be doing."

That decision contributed to several personal problems. He realized that he probably couldn't afford to buy a home here and he and his wife, whom he's been separated from for about a year, never had children.

"I'm not regretful about what I've done, but about some of the things I haven't done," he says. "The separation has been very difficult for me. I didn't see it coming, though I'm sure there were signs I ignored."

Did he spend too much time thinking about saving others and playing in the ocean?

"Probably; I let a lot of things out there get in the way of what's in here," he says touching his heart. "You know, I think I would have been a good dad."

For a moment, Cunningham's hawk-like eyes get misty, then he changes the subject.

"My passion for the ocean went hand in hand with my job," he said. "I'm lucky. Like Buffett says -- it's not bad to love your work."

CUNNINGHAM SPENT some of his time living within walking distance of his Ehukai lifeguard tower.

"I was part of the community there," he says. "I saw kids grow up, learn to surf, check out the surf, graduate from high school, get married and divorced.

"A lifeguard gets to be a sort of gatekeeper, guardian, an overseer. It was the perfect fit for me."

"Mark, day in and day out was a total professional," said Rick Williams, Cunningham's longtime lifeguard partner at Ehukai.

Like his fellow lifeguards, Cunningham knew how to spot potential rescue victims.

"Very pale, out of shape, and wearing their fins across the sand," Cunningham says. Williams says Cunningham was "one of the best" at talking people out of going into dangerous ocean conditions.

"He would just chat and point out all the dangers out and make them think they decided to stay on shore," Williams said.

Cunningham calls it reverse psychology.

"I may say I don't know how good a swimmer you are but the conditions look really dangerous for me and I live and work here, and I really don't want to get hurt going after you," he said. "Or I'll ask them if they've noticed that no one, even surfers, is in the water today. Why do you think that is?"

But when people still go in -- like some U.S. soldiers at Waimea Bay a few years ago -- and Cunningham had to make it through a pounding 6-foot shorebreak to rescue them, he's not above delivering a stern lecture.

"Why didn't you listen to me!" he told one soldier. "Now we're both going to get pounded getting in."

He's also heard his share of excuses from rescuees: cramps, not seeing warning signs, or not hearing lifeguards bellow warnings over bullhorns.

"Visitors who don't live by an ocean seem to have tunnel vision," Cunningham said. "It's a nice sunny day, it's warm, and they look at the shoreline and the water looks blue and inviting.

"They don't bother to look way offshore where waves are huge and no one is out."

EVEN CUNNINGHAM has had his share of close calls. He vividly recalls one day in 1986 when he got caught in the "Death Trench," a shallow sandbar area north of Pipeline.

"I just wanted a short swim," said Cunningham, who brought his rescue tube with him. "I hopped into the rip to see if I could make it past the shorebreak and I couldn't."

Currents and whitewater from Pipeline and Pupukea beach areas converged on him in a brown, frothy swirling soup. While floundering over the sandbar, a "huge" set of waves approached.

"I couldn't swim in or out so all I could do was take a deep breath and dive as deep as I could and get rolled," he said.

A trio of triple overhead waves swept over him, each one pinning him to the sandbar.

"I knew I had to get air so I had to climb the line of the rescue tube to the surface," Cunningham said. "When I popped through, another wave nailed me."

That was followed by more waves each one holding him underwater, until he washed ashore.

"I thought I was going to die; I'd never been so scared," he said. "You need those experiences to humble you. It makes you take a step back and fully realize you're not in control out here."

During a recent visit to Ehukai, Williams and other lifeguards greeted Cunningham like a member of the team.

"He's the best," Williams says. "You can count on Mark; he always cared for this beach and any person on it."

"Ninety-five percent of success is showing up," Cunningham says. "I went to work; I did my job."

Cunningham is standing on the empty beach in front of his house, staring at waves breaking over a shallow reef. Cunningham sees bodysurfing potential where others would see lots of nasty coral cuts.

"The beauty of the North Shore is overwhelming to me, so real, so honest," he says. "I feel whole, in tune here. I think that's OK."



Legendary Hawaiian Waterman Discusses HIs Career on the North Shore - Interview by Chris Mauro, SURFER Magazine, November 2005.

In April of 2005, Mark Cunningham, 55, celebrated the end of his stellar 30-year Hawaiian lifeguard career, most of which was spent on the North Shore of Oahu with a very special breed of waterman. His list of former work colleagues is a veritable “who’s who” of Hawaiian surfing lore: Buffalo Keaulana, Eddie Aikau, Darrick Doerner, Rell Sunn and Tiger Espere. And while Cunningham himself has achieved legendary status, he’s done so in quite a different way. Aside from being the man who spent most of his days on the tower at Ehukai Beach Park, a.k.a. Pipeline, he’s earned a solid reputation as the world’s preeminent bodysurfer. His first North Shore Bodysurfing Championship came while he was in high school in 1974. His last one came in 2000, at the age of 44. In between he nabbed roughly 14 other titles, but even more impressive, thousands of friends and acquaintances from all over the world. In fact, he’s become adoptive father to many North Shore surfers, including our Guest Editors Jack Johnson and Chris Malloy, who strongly suggested it was a good time to catch up with Mr. Cunningham. We couldn’t agree more. — Chris Mauro

CM: So is it true you actually surf really well?

Ah, that’s a stretch. But I really do enjoy surfing. I have what my friend Jackson Browne calls a “gentleman’s thruster.” But you’ll rarely see me on the North Shore because I just don’t want to make an ass of myself. I don’t want to blow my cover. I’ll go to less crowded spots when I go and do what I call my “standup comic routine.”

CM: Where did the conscious decision to be primarily a bodysurfer originate?

Well, I started surfing a reef off Niu Valley where I grew up, but it was pre-leash. So to be a surfer back then you had to be a strong swimmer and you sort of had to know how to bodysurf so that you could ride waves in after your board. And sort of an older neighborhood guy, wonderful guy, Herbie Kaninson, he was a Niu Valley local out there, and he was lifeguarding at Sandy Beach, and he saw me swimming and bodysurfing after waves. And he goes, “Hey, you’re doing that more than you’re standing on the board. Why don’t you try out these fins and come to the beach with me?” So I did and I just took a real liking to it. I was pretty tall and gangly and uncoordinated as an adolescent so I was falling off my boards, and this was shortboard revolution era—when designs were just really crude, and there was a lot of crap out there that just did not work. So maybe that’s my excuse for not being such a good surfer. But my long, skinny, gangly body fit in at Sandy Beach and Makapuu real easy. I just really enjoyed it.

CM: When would you say your relationship with Pipeline really began?

When I first started going out there, I was actually on break from school at UC Santa Barbara, where I was playing water polo and on the swim team. I was in the best shape of my life. There I was, 20 years old and just fit as a fiddle, and stoked out of my mind. I could not swim enough. Mind you, this was before Boogie boards were invented. So imagine the Pipeline lineup without any sponges out there. And then with the advent of the leash and Boogie boards, and just the skill level of today’s surfers is just mind-boggling how good those guys are out there. I mean, back in the day, early on, it was just like, “Wow! You can surf Pipeline?” And now everyone and his brother is out there. Back 30 years ago, there was still lots of room for improvement of what could be done.

CM: I think what’s so impressive about your work out there is that you’ve shattered the average career arc of a Pipeline surfer.

Well yeah, that’s because they’re taking off at the peak and just getting the crap beat out of ’em [laughs]. I’m waiting on the shoulder picking and choosing. I mean, when I was younger and stronger and more flexible and would heal faster, you know, I took a handful of crazy drops. But bodysurfing is just such a different animal than surfing.

CM: But these days, and for a while now really, you play a patriarchal role over there on the North Shore. How did that evolve?

I feel real fortunate. There’s an old saying by, I think by Woody Allen, that 90% of success is simply showing up. And that’s all I did. I didn’t set out to be a Pipeline guy, it just was the natural thing. It felt good. And I was just so fortunate because I knew how cool it was, and how beautiful it was, that I said, “I gotta live here.” And so for many years I had little beach houses on either side of Ehukai Beach Park because I just wanted to see it morning, noon and night. I made it a point to live there. And I guess that’s something that played a huge part.

CM: Do you still see people dedicating themselves to it like that?

A few. Today, in regards to really dedicating yourself and saying, “This is what I want,” one classic example of that is Tamayo Perry. Local boy living there and he’s just really said, “This is my course and I’m gonna be one of the guys at Pipeline.” He’s really, you know, dedicated himself to living there and being on it and checking on it morning, noon and night. Another guy who’s dedication I’ll never forget is Joey Buran. For years leading up to 1984 when he won the Masters, he was truly devoted to the place.

CM: Was there ever a time when you were over it?

Yeah, towards the end of my beach career in the Pipeline guard tower I was getting a little jaded. I was definitely getting a little cynical, a little over it. But as soon as I took my new job at the headquarters in Honolulu I was more of a dawn patrol weekend warrior and I just got fully stoked on it because, once again, it became more of a treat, you know, it wasn’t a job anymore.

CM: That rekindled your fire.

It really did and now that I’ve moved back out there I’m just stoked as can be.

CM: Aside from the waves, what is it about the North Shore that makes it so alluring?

You know, so many people are like-minded out there, that’s part of the community. They may not be ripping surfers, but you know there’s a good chance maybe they’re a shaper, or a glasser, or they’re just stoked on the beauty of the North Shore. Whether it’s spring, summer, or fall. What’s funny is when I used to work, I’d sit at the tower for eight and-a-half hours and there’d be water patrol and beach patrols interspersed there. And my wife Linny and I had a house a couple hundred yards away, next door to the Johnsons’ house there, and I’d go home and drop off, change out of my clothes, and sit out on the deck in the backyard and go, “F— -, look how cool this is!” Just being back, away from my office by 200 yards, gave me a whole new perspective on the thing and I’d just be enamored, hypnotized by how gorgeous and dynamic it is there.

CM: What’s it like to have your backyard invaded by outsiders year after year?

Honestly, I just have nothing but admiration for surfers from around the world who save up and make that pilgrimage. I was so fortunate in that, you know, the North Shore being the Mecca that it is, that people from around the world come by and inevitably they stop by the Pipeline tower and go, “Is this Pipeline?” Because there are no signs -— not a damn sign on the entire North Shore to tell you where you are —- so they’d have to come to the lifeguard tower and we’d be talking story. And they come from around the world: Australians, Brazilians, Japanese, East Coast, West Coast, and a lot of them come back year after year. Personally, I just really admire them for saving the money and putting it aside and doing a little splurge there for a couple of weeks or a couple of months. That’s really admirable.

CM: It must have been fun watching kids playing in the shorebreak turn into full-on gladiators.

Oh yeah. I mean, one of my favorite memories is actually of the Johnson family. It was this typical spring day at Pupukea, which was the Johnsons’ backyard before they moved down to Pipeline. Anyway, I’m in the tower, and I look over, and there’s dad, Jeff Johnson, and three sons, all out surfing together. Pete, the middle one, was paddling back out watching his old man grab the first wave of this beautiful little set. Trent, the eldest son, was on the next, and then little menehune Jack was dropping in on the shoulder as the rest of them were paddling back out, hooting and hollering for him to go. I just remember watching them that day, thinking, “Man, how cool is that?” Even mom joined them. That’s when it hits you that this really is a neighborhood, not just an amusement park. These people are connected. This is their backyard.

CM: How will you stay in shape now that you’re officially retiring as a lifeguard?

Just continue playing, you know—paddleboarding, snorkeling, bodysurfing, boardsurfing. I really love paddleboarding, that’s one thing that has really kept me in the game for a lot of years. I just did the race to Molokai with a partner, so I went halfway. But what’s funny is I’m not a real disciplined guy.

CM: Are you sure?

I’m positive, believe me. I need events, whether it’s a rough water swim or a paddleboard race, to sort of train for and keep me motivated. The kids and chicks are starting to beat me more and more, and I don’t want to make a total ass of myself. If I didn’t have competitions to prepare for, I’m afraid what kind of shape I’d let myself get into.

CM: As a Hawaiian lifeguard, do you get the sense that you’re part of a pretty heavy fraternity of legends?

It’s something I’m really proud of. Absolutely. To think that when I first came into the department Butch Van Artsdalen was with us. Tiger Espere, who recently passed away, was a lifeguard at one time. Eddie Aikau of course was a lifeguard with us out at the North Shore. Brian and Buffalo Keaulana were lifeguards; former world surfing champion Jimmy Blears was a Hawaiian lifeguard; tow-in pioneer Darrick Doerner was a lifeguard with us; Rell Sunn was a lifeguard with us. God, I’m just so stoked to be part of that crew. That’s really been the best part of my career.

CM: Do you consider yourself a “waterman?”

Funny you should ask. I’ll tell you this, after being on a boat during that paddle race I know I’m not a seaman, I’m not a sailor. That’s not a real good thing for a macho lifeguard to ’fess up to. But I get seasick just looking at boats. The classic saying about that is, “First you’re afraid you’re gonna die, and then you’re afraid you won’t.” Seasickness, motion sickness, is just the worst ever.

CM: You’re not used to being above the water I guess.

That’s right. I’m rarely high and dry.

CM: By the way, one thing that’s sort of falling under the lifeguards’ jurisdiction is the regulation of tow-in surfers. Crowds and such have gotten pretty out of hand at places like Jaws. How likely is it that local governments will just go, “All right, you guys are done, no more,” especially if something happens?

Oh yeah, it’s probably not if, it’s when. That fatal accident will happen, whether it’s pilot error or someone gets towed into something way too big. And isn’t that just kind of funny, or a shame... it just seems like government regulation so goes against my grain of surfing, that I was brought up to. Wave-riding was to get away from rules and regs. It’s supposed to be fun.

CM: How do you keep it fun?

Just keeping it in perspective really. We are so blessed and so lucky to be surfers. I mean, to have the luxury of even thinking of not having to work or not having to struggle to get food or put a roof over your head. I mean, you look at the world news and most people are so struggling in the world, for us to have the luxury and vanity to go dabble in the ocean is just unbelievable. I can’t describe the sense of gratitude I have at this point in my life for just my health, my fitness, all my friends.

CM: By doing that, is it a little easier to let a wave go by? Y’know, give it away?

It does, yeah. And that’s one thing, I’ve had my share of waves. It’s like the buffet line: I just keep going back for more. So it’s real easy for me to pass on a session or let someone else have a wave, because I always know there’s gonna be more.

CM: With the renaissance period we’re living in right now in terms of design and experimentation, is interest in bodysurfing going up again?

I think so. I can see where people are going, “Well, let’s check out bodysurfing too.” And I just think it’s cool, it’s just another way for people to experience waves and the ocean. And I think it will give them a whole new appreciation for their boardsurfing. They may not take it so much for granted, or it’ll give them another way to get in the water, and sort of find a new lineup, find a different way to ride waves. I think it’s neat that you’re seeing bodysurfing segments in movies like Jack’s and Chris’s.

CM: Needless to say you’d recommend it be a part of every surfer’s repertoire?

Oh yeah, definitely. It breaks up the monotony, it’s another form of wave-riding, it keeps you fit, and who knows, it just could save your ass. But most important, I think, is it just gives you a new appreciation and a new style, you know.

CM: I guess the best part too is you don’t really need that great of a wave.

Sometimes I don’t even need waves. I just need to go swimming in the ocean. And I wish that was something more people would get hip to. You don’t need fins, you don’t even need a board, just strip down to your trunks or wetsuit and dive into a shorebreak or go swim in the ocean, look at it from a different vantage point, as opposed to jockeying to the prime spot in the lineup and putting out the vibe like, “Next one is mine.” The ride itself is only a tiny fraction of it all.

... The actual act of riding a wave is like 5% of our experience. Getting to the beach park or the bluff and checking it out, going down the trail, walking across the beach, you know, sort of posting up, doing your stretches, putting on your sunscreen, paddling out. Without all that we’d be missing something very special. I dig the whole scene at the beach and in the shoreline just diving under waves and talking to friends or looking back at the beach and your lineups and landmarks of the neighborhood back there. It’s just the whole dance.





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The 1800s





Aloha and welcome to this chapter of Volume 1 of LEGENDARY SURFERS.

"The 1800s: Surfing's Darkest Days" is the story of when surfing nearly died out in Hawaii and the rest of Polynesia, before it was adopted elsewhere on the planet.

The chapter itself is part of LEGENDARY SURFERS: Volume 1, (c)2005 and still in print:


LS Volume 1

About Volume 1


Although this chapter was previously only available as part of the print edition, earlier versions of it were available here in the 1990s. This iteration is the best thus far.

In the long history of surfing, the 1800s is the period most misunderstood. Many writers have boiled it down to a simple story of Christian missionaries suppressing native past times. The real story is much more complicated.

Please read and/or download the full story:

THE 1800s: SURFING'S DARKEST DAYS


Additional Resources:






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NC Bodyboarding, 1907

Joseph 'Skipper' Funderburg, author of Surfing on the Cape Fear Coast, has continued to research the old postcards of North Carolina beach scenes, some of which he has in his book. Last month, a postcard originally dated as printed circa 1908-1909, turns out to have been printed circa 1906-1907. Another copy of the postcard hand-dated 1909 has been found with a hand-date of 1907.



The postcard is a photographic view of a large crowd of people surf bathing on the ocean side of the Sea Shore Hotel. The 1907 postcard clearly shows a surfer on a Hawaiian style body board. This type of board has been called a paipo ever since the 1960s, but is more accurately termed a kioe.

The postcard illustrates the earliest image of a surfer and surfboard on Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. The 1907 postcard reads, “The Sea Shore Hotel, Wrightsville Beach, NC.” The author wrote “How about a swimming lesson?” The postcard is hand dated "3/24/07" ...

According to Steve Massengill, author of A North Carolina Postcard Album, “I am delighted to be able to support Funderburg in his effort to add to, and alter the history of surfing in the United States.” Steve Massengill continues, “Regarding the 1907 postcard, it was not uncommon for postcard manufacturers to use the same negative when printing new postcards.” “One will see the same scene on various postcards with different dates and used on different style cards – undivided back and divided back, etc.”

“The companies would use different coloring and sometimes add small details and crop out others... The transcription of the message on the front of the postcard was published in 1907, but the photograph could date a year or more earlier... Funderburg’s research and statements upholds the accuracy and authenticity of the postcard.” Steve Massengill is an expert on the history of picture postcards, having worked in the field of non-textual materials as a public historian and having published several works in the field.

Prior to the days of automobile access, the location is on the old railroad line at Station Three. The Sea Shore Hotel had a magnificent view out to sea and a gently sloping beach leading to the ocean and the surf.

We do not know exactly when surf bathers began to use Hawaiian kioe templates. Skipper and I have corresponded with each other on this question and, although we cannot prove it, we believe that the introduction of the Hawaiian kioe was due to Alexander Hume Ford, a South Carolina native who played a big part in the revival of surfing at Waikiki during the first decade of the Twentieth Century.


Authentication and Validation

The 1907 postcard came to Skipper's attention when The Dr. Robert M. Fales Photo Collection was recently digitized. The collection is comprised of thousands of 35 MM slides, plus an index catalog that contains slide numbers and brief descriptions. Unfortunately, Dr. Fales did not photograph the backs of the postcards or photocards, but he did capture many images on the photographic side. The State of North Carolina provided the grant to digitize Dr. Fales invaluable photographic collection.

“I really enjoy learning about the history of surfing from Joseph “Skipper” Funderburg and the history of postcards & postcard art from Steve Massengill,” said Kim Cumber, Non-Textual Materials Archivist, North Carolina State Archves, Raleigh, North Carolina. “The Dr. Robert M. Fales Photographic Collection is indeed wonderful, and I love the State of North Carolina grant program that paid for the digitations.”

According to Funderburg, Wrightsville Beach postcards have always been popular among collectors and usually command decent prices. Postcard companies would hire photographers, either local or itinerant, to take pictures of tourist spots. Then the companies would produce multiple printed cards of photos in hopes of cashing in on tourists and vacationers mailing cards back to loved ones. North Carolina postcards were not prevalent until after 1906, and postcards prior to 1912 were printed in Germany. After 1912, postcards were printed in England and the USA, due to the war with Germany.

Antique or penny postcards, evoke memories of the past and provide an interesting glimpse into social, cultural and material history of the time. Historians use real photo postcards and their postmarks, to document local historical events. Vintage waterfront postcards, in particular, are prized by seaside historians. Postcard collecting is surpassed in popularity, only by coin and stamp collecting. The Golden Age of postcards is 1898 – 1913.

Skipper’s research & postcard work is validated and authenticated by North Carolina Division of History & Archives, Raleigh, North Carolina. “Courtesy, New Hanover Public Library, Robert M. Fales Collection.”

For more info on Skipper's research, please go to:

http://legendarysurfers.com/blog/2009/02/wrightsville-nc-1909_13.html

http://legendarysurfers.com/blog/2009/02/wrightsville-nc-1919.html

http://legendarysurfers.com/blog/2009/02/east-coast-surfing-prior-to-duke.html

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1920s St. Ouen's Bay

Some of the intriguing 1920s images from Pete Robinson's Museum of British Surfing:





Jeremy Oxenden wrote about the image above: "Happy New Year, Malcolm. I was very pleased to find Peter Robinson and the UK Surfing Museum from the Bing site links. That is Oxo with the 5.5 prone surfboard. He surfed in Hawaii some time between 1919 - 1923. It must have been great fun back then. The Island Surf Club of Jersey UK was formed in 1923..."

Jeremy added this about the top image: "The Girls in the beach hut are Dot and Ching Martin, left and right, and Pat Oxenden in the middle. The beach hut went up in 1924. The German Army knocked all the beach huts down in 1940. My Grand Parents re-built their hut just after the war (WWII). It was their top priority. We still have the beach hut and still surf from there... Thank you for including Oxo and his surfing Gang."

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Waikiki Surf Club Newsletter

Ian Lind continues documenting the days of the Waikiki Surf Club, thanks to the collection of memorabilia his father John Lind left behind.

The latest is a series of scanned images of the club's newsletter "The Surfer" dated 1954-1956.




For more on the Lind collection of Waikiki Surf Club images, please go to:

Waikiki Surf Club Images by John Lind

Also, In 2002, John Lind was asked for his recollections of the founding of the Molokai to Oahu canoe race on the occasion of its 50th anniversary.

These are saved by Ian at: Molokai to Oahu canoe race history

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Shorty Bronkhorst (1936-2009)

Legendary South African surfer Shorty Bronkhorst recently passed on.


( Shorty Bronkhorst, [left] and a friend surfing plywood boards in Durban in the 1950s - photo courtesy of Weekend Post )


[ From: "Death of SA surfing pioneer Shorty Bronkhorst in J-Bay," by Robbie Hift and Clayton Truscott, HERALD, November 30, 2009 ]


THE South African surfing community is shocked and saddened by the death of legendary surfing enthusiast Shorty Bronkhorst, 73, in Jeffreys Bay...

Bronkhorst was a pioneer who first surfed Jeffreys Bay in the early 1960s. He started surfing in the summer of 1949 in Durban and was still doing it more than 50 years later at Super Tubes and Surfers Point...

He started out as a professional lifesaver in Durban where he surfed on 5m boards made out of plywood at South Beach, North Beach and the Bay of Plenty.

When Bronkhorst turned 19 in 1956, he and a friend hitchhiked across Africa via Johannesburg, the former Lourenco Marques and Rhodesia, on to Uganda, Sudan and Egypt, eventually arriving in London.

In 1957 he went to Jersey and began building the first surfboards there and was invited to do surf promotions for a travel company. The big tour buses full of spectators arrived to watch Bronkhorst and his friends from the long breakwater.

They were called “the Hawaiian surfboard riders from South Africa”.

Bronkhorst once said: “We first surfed Jeffreys Bay in the early sixties. It was a bit of a secret spot then. I fell in love with the place as soon as I arrived. We used to ride Supertubes on a primo day with just three guys in the water and 3m waves pealing from Boneyards down to the Point.”

He offered this advice for fellow surfers: “Surfing has always been a noble sport. We should try to keep it that way. Tell the youngsters to be polite in the water. Show some respect towards others and you will be appreciated much more than if you just drop in on everybody else.

“It’s unnecessary to sneak around the waiting surfers and catch a sly wave. Rather just get in line and wait your turn. The guys will think more of you if you do so.”

Eastern Province Surfing president Etienne Venter said he was deeply saddened by the news and had nothing but praise for Bronkhorst...

“He’s one of the biggest legends of South African surfing [said Eastern Province Surfing president Etienne Venter]. He always greeted you and was really friendly. It’s such a terrible loss for us, he was really loved by everyone.”

Democratic Alliance MP Tim Harris... said: “The African Surfer crew sends condolences to the family and friends of Shorty Bronkhorst – one of the original surfing pioneers on the continent. We never knew Shorty, but he and his crew were among the first explorers of surfing in the rest of Africa.

“We are grateful for the path they blazed in promoting surfing in South Africa and on the rest of the continent. May you rest in peace Shorty.”

There [was]... a paddle-out at Surfers Point... November 28, at 10am. Bronkhorst’s ashes [were]... scattered in the sea off the beach where he did most of his surfing.

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"50 Greatest Surfers"

As part of its 50th anniversary, SURFER magazine compiled a list of the "50 Greatest Surfers of All Time."

Surfer polled pro surfers, photographers, filmmakers, journalists, captains of the industry, and legendary surfers themselves to cast votes to determine the list. Please go to:

Surfer Magazine: 50 Greatest Surfers of All Time

There is also a list of who participated in the poll.

Additionally, for each of the 50 surfers listed, there is a link to a brief bio about them. Nice feature.

Personally, I have a lot of problems with this list, but who am I? All of us surfers' lists would be different. For me, I guess it boils down to what one's definition is of the word "greatest" and "best."

Lisa Andersen

[ Excerpts from: "The Lioness in Winter," by Shawn Price, Orange Coast Magazine, October 2009 ]



... Lisa Lorraine Andersen was born in New York and grew up the free-willed tomboy nicknamed “Trouble” in the non-surf-centered lands of Maryland and Virginia. Finally, at age 13, she learned to ride on borrowed boards off Ormand Beach, Fla., a few blocks from the family home. “I started surfing right after my parents told me I couldn’t do it,” Andersen told a Brazilian TV reporter many years later.

Once she got her first in-control ride, she was hooked. Riding a wave felt instinctively right for her at a time when nothing else in her life was.

She ran away from home at 16, blaming a stormy home life with a violent, alcoholic father who Andersen says smashed her only surfboard in front of her. Her first plane ride was the one-way ticket she bought in 1985 that took her from Florida to L.A. and then to Huntington Beach, off to become “the No. 1 surfer in the world,” her farewell note said. She swears she didn’t even know for sure if the title existed.

After her arrival, Andersen spent a couple of years “couch surfing” among friends and occasionally sleeping on the beach as she worked herself up to the pro tour. She showed glimpses of greatness, but they ebbed and flowed as she bounced around the top 10 of the Association of Surfing Professionals’ Women’s World Tour for six years. Only after having her daughter, Erica, did things finally gel into a 1994 world championship. Motherhood seemed to focus her phenomenal energy.

She followed that first world title with three more. Her style was revolutionary, because she’d surfed around boys as she grew up, guys who actually encouraged her. She idolized world champs Martin Potter, Shaun Tomson, and especially Tom Curren, and developed her style mostly unaware of how girls were supposed to surf. She exhibited both a power and refined, balletlike movement on the face of waves. Shy but steely. Graceful and feminine, yet fiercely competitive. Soon, even the guys were watching her heats.

“It’s this slam-dance idea,” says Chris Mauro, former editor-in-chief of Surfer magazine, describing the style Andersen was quickly defining. “She was this punk-rock chick who could fit in with the boys.”

In 1996, Andersen made news when she became the first woman in 15 years to grace the cover of Surfer — an image of her smashing the lip of a wave with the blunt caption “Lisa Andersen surfs better than you.” It was a knife to the heart of surfing machismo.

Mauro believes Andersen was the right woman at the right time. “In the longboard era [of the ’60s], women like the Calhouns [Marge and daughters Candy and Robin] were respected. When the shortboard revolution took over, the women fell by the wayside because it wasn’t this graceful kind of thing. Lisa was transformative.”

Her presence on the tour was a marketer’s dream. Surfwear company Quiksilver built the Roxy brand mostly around her image and a pair of men’s boardshorts she helped redesign. She lit an explosion of women into surfing, both professional and recreational. Women’s brands and magazines sprang up, with women’s apparel playing a key role in the surf industry boom of the ’90s.

Mauro says the empowerment message was, first, practical. Women could surf and “didn’t have to worry about their bikini riding up their ass anymore. The shorts were cute and they worked. And it coincided with the [1999 World Cup-winning U.S.] women’s soccer team. They fed off each other. [Women] weren’t going to run out and buy a soccer uniform, but they could go out and buy Roxy stuff.”

In Phil Jarratt’s 2006 history of Quiksilver, “The Mountain and the Wave,” Roxy boss Randy Hild gushed: “She’d been with Roxy since ’92, but her star was just starting to shine. She became the face of the whole thing. Lisa just shattered the beach-babe-or-butch stereotype of women’s surfing. … We couldn’t have dreamed of a better brand image. She was — and is — one of a kind.”

While a phenomenon to the outside world, Andersen struggled in relationships. As Mauro says, years on the road make pro surfers “pretty feral.” It’s a restless life set to a clock of ever-fleeting swell. Life lived out of a suitcase. Nights in hotels, on friends’ floors, in boats, planes, and tents. Days are for honing craft and nights for blowing off steam, or simply killing time. It’s a lot like summer camp, right down to the romances, which start intensely and fizzle as fast as they begin.

“It’s really tough to reconcile,” Mauro says. “And she didn’t have a family to depend on.”

She began a relationship with Renato Hickel, the tour’s head judge at the time, but the closeness of their professional lives cramped her style. Once their relationship began, Hickel had to recuse himself from judging her heats. Their marriage sputtered shortly after Erica’s birth. She and Hickel remain friends, even occasional allies when it comes to getting things right on the current women’s tour.

She’d competed while pregnant and rushed back to competition just weeks after Erica’s birth. Though she continued to win, her body was not ready for the stress of the tour and contests. A degenerative disk condition was beginning to make surfing difficult during her 1994-97 championship run. By late 1998, competing became almost impossible.

Andersen says she intended to retire that year, but like a lot of top athletes, finding the exit was harder than she expected. Life on tour was like a riptide, pulling her back out for one last great ride to shore. Besides, her back problems deprived her of a certain grand finale. She competed sporadically the next few years, before finally retiring in 2003.

A few years earlier, a relationship with the father of her son, Mason, ended. An outsider to the surf world, Mason’s father probably never stood a chance against the lure of what led Andersen away from home in the first place — the competitive life that defined her then.

In 2005, Quiksilver offered her the job of global brand ambassador for Roxy, a role that would make her part coach, part businesswoman, part enforcer of contest guidelines, part confidante to the young women on the tour. It offered her the chance to take a do-as-I-say-not-as-I-did role that many girls competing during Andersen’s career could have used—especially from someone who really had seen it all...

“I was a little overwhelmed,” she says now. “There were just all these different people who could relate to me somehow. They’re still dealing with the same issues. I think a lot of girls are afraid to step outside and do something where they’re going to get judged. I dressed a certain way and a lot of people didn’t like that. I wasn’t really girlie. … They need to be inspired by somebody that did it without worrying about what other people say or think. They need that little nudge.”

Rochelle Ballard, a former World Tour rival and one of Andersen’s closest friends, distills Andersen’s continuing appeal: “Women are empowered by seeing a woman fulfill her own dream and find her own balance. She had something driving her more than her goals. Because of the timing, she was the Wonder Woman of the group. In art and entertainment there is always someone that rises to be an iconic figure.”

And now, perhaps because of all that, Ballard says, “Lisa is the only woman who was taken care of by the industry after her competitive career. Now she has the opportunity to share herself with the next generation so they can say, ‘Look what Lisa did.’ You may peak in your career, but you keep growing. Life is creation. You make your own rules.”

... Andersen concedes that the elder stateswoman role is an adjustment. “There’s a couple of times in the last four years when my brain would go: ‘OK, I could start training in January.’ In your head you try to plan it out and see if it works. Then I think: ‘What the hell do you think you’re doing?’ ”

... Andersen is thrilled to see more strategy in women’s heats now. Thrilled to see more training. More prep. And more respect given to female athletes. “You should see the game faces now,” Andersen says about the contests she visits. “I walk around telling people to lighten up.” She forgets for the moment how intimidating she was before heats, her head shrouded in a beach towel...



Achievements in Surfing

  • 4 consecutive world titles (1994-97)
  • 24 contest victories, including wins at events in Europe, Australia, and Huntington Beach, where she won the U.S. Open twice (1994 and ’97), and the OP Pro (1995)
  • 1987 Association of Surfing Professionals Women’s Rookie of the Year
  • No. 76 among the “Greatest Sportswomen of the Century,” Sports Illustrated for Women
  • 1992, 1994, 1996-1999 Surfer magazine Readers Poll winner
  • Named one of the “25 Most Influential Surfers of the Century” by Surfer magazine
  • Eleven top-10 season finishes, and seven top-five finishes on the Women’s World Tour
  • 1998 Female Athlete of the Year, Condé Nast Sports for Women magazine





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Chris Hawk (1951-2009)

Chris Hawk, shaper and surfer, has passed on.

“Back in the day," recounted Surfer's Hall of Fame Founder Aaron Pai, "he was one of the best surfers in Huntington Beach and he has been a master shaper since the 70’s. We are super stoked to be able to induct Chris Hawk into the Surfers’ Hall of Fame.”

As one of the renowned Hawk brothers that includes Sam and Tom, Chris helped shape the Huntington Beach surf culture in the 1960s and ‘70s. While the brothers often travelled to Hawaii and charged Sunset and Pipeline, Chris chose to make his mark as a master surfboard shaper.

During one of these many Hawaiian trips, Chris met legendary shaper Dick Brewer and was taken under his tutorage alongside Reno Abellira and Davie Abbott. Chris soon became a household name on the mainland and the “go to” guy for many hard-core surfers up and down the California coast for years and years.


Chris Hawk shaping, courtesy of Darryl Dugas


"Surfing Legend Chris Hawk Dies at 58," Los Angeles KCBS newscast with Sharon Tay
(preceeded by 15 second commercial)


Huntington Beach surfer Chris Hawk dies
Hawk, 58, was inducted into the Surfers' Hall of Fame last month.

By Deepa Bharath, Orange County Register, October 24, 2009


Chris Hawk, a legendary local surfer and board shaper who was honored last month with a special induction into the Surfers' Hall of Fame, died Friday in his San Clemente home of oral cancer. He was 58.

A makeshift memorial with surfboards, photographs and flowers stood outside Huntington Surf and Sport at the corner of Main Street and Pacific Coast Highway today as local surfers paid their respects to the man who they say inspired and motivated them with his smooth, graceful and soulful surfing style.

Longtime friend and local surfer Bushman Orozco said Hawk lived with him and shaped boards out of his garage in the early 1990s.

"He had so much experience working with all these master shapers, he knew what he was doing," Orozco said.

Few words can describe Hawk's passion for surfing, he said.

"It's something to be experienced," Orozco said. "He just loved the water, the people, the lifestyle."

Hawk participated in an emotional ceremony outside Huntington Surf and Sport on Sept. 18. These inductions were typically made in July during the U.S. Open of Surfing, but a special exception was given to Hawk because he had already been diagnosed with terminal cancer. He was apparently on the potential list of inductees for a long time.

Hawk, who struggled to deliver an acceptance speech during the ceremony, simply told the gathering, "This is the most honorable moment of my life." And next to his footprints on the cement, he wrote the words: Peace. Love. Surf.

Mark Reeder, who works at Huntington Surf and Sport, said he first met Hawk in 1981.
"In 1972, I decided I was going to be a surfer after watching Chris' brother, Sam, surf," Reeder said. "In 1981, I contacted Chris. He made some boards for me. He was not just a board shaper, he was a craftsman."

Still, Hawk was "humble and a super, super genuine guy," Reeder said.

"He was an true icon, an ultimate surfer everyone wanted to look like," he said. "Chris Hawk will be memorialized forever in the city of Huntington Beach."

Hawk is survived by his wife, Kathy, and his son, Christian, 11.



( Chris Hawk image courtesy of The Shaper's Tree )




Chris Hawk: Feb. 16, 1951 — Oct. 23, 2009: ‘A true inspiration’ - Ex-wife says surfer was humbled by attention from special hall of fame induction.

By Michael Miller, Huntington Beach Independent, October 28, 2009 5:06 PM PDT


... Along with his brothers, Sam and Tom, Chris Hawk won a reputation as a skilled surfer during the 1960s and ’70s. To many, though, he was more famous for shaping boards...

Gary Sahagen, the executive director of the International Surfing Museum in Huntington Beach, said Hawk played an integral role in what he termed “the short board revolution” of the ’70s, in which surfers began trading in their long boards for new ones that were 2 or 3 feet shorter.

“As the short board revolution of surfboards took off, he was riding that front wave, coming up with some of the most innovative designs,” Sahagen said.

Hawk was inducted into the Hall of Fame in a special ceremony that brought hundreds of people to Huntington Surf and Sport at Main Street and Pacific Coast Highway. The Hall of Fame had already inducted its usual quota of four people in July, but made an exception for Hawk, who was suffering from terminal throat cancer.

“He was a true inspiration to all of us, and he’s meant so much to the sport of surfing in Huntington Beach and in California through the way that he surfed the waves and shaped his surfboards,” said Aaron Pai, the owner of Huntington Surf and Sport. “We’ll miss Chris Hawk, but he’ll always be remembered.”

At the ceremony Sept. 18, Hawk spoke briefly to the crowd and etched a message into a concrete slab. The message read simply, “Peace — Love — Surf.”

Afterward, Hawk held up his trophy and said the induction had been a lifelong dream.

“It’s the ultimate for me in my life,” Hawk said. “This is it.”

Monday, the concrete slab in front of Surf and Sport, which also features Hawk’s hand and footprints, was circled with flowers, candles and tributes written on sheets of paper.

One read, “Best shaper in the world,” while another declared, “Chris, you caught the wave to heaven.”

Chris Hawk’s ex-wife, Kathy Hawk Margerum, who divorced him in 1979 but remained close over the years, said Chris Hawk was humbled by the attention he received in the weeks before his death.

“He was a very independent, just a very simple man with a beautiful soul,” she said. “All this attention that’s being bestowed on him, believe me, he didn’t know people thought that much about him. I’m so grateful he got to hear all that and know all that before he went.”

Bob Ballou, a surfer and longtime friend of Hawk, has scheduled a paddle-out in his memory at 11 a.m. Sunday on the north side of the Huntington Beach Pier.

The paddle-out is open to everyone.

Hawk will be remembered as a surfer and shaper, Ballou said, but also as a compassionate friend who often served as a “big brother” to aspiring surfers.

“I think he tried to take everybody at face value and accept them at face value,” he said. “He was just a warm guy. He was my friend. I loved him.”

Pat Lien, the manager of Chuck Dent Surfboards in Huntington Beach, said Hawk had a reputation as a master craftsman.

“In the ’80s, he was the guy the locals wanted their boards made by,” he said. “You were kind of somebody if you had his board in the water.”

Hawk is survived by his son, brothers and sister.

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Nick Gabaldon (1927-1951)


Aloha and welcome to the LEGENDARY SURFERS chapter dedicated to Nick Gabaldon!

Because a number of articles and resources are spread throughout the LEGENDARY SURFERS collection, I thought it best to include the links to them in one spot (here). Of course, you can always use the Google search bar in the sidebar of the site to search on all postings pertaining to a subject and get a full up-to-date listing.



Resources:

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